France

France has a very low-carbon electricity mix owing to its large nuclear fleet, the second-largest after the United States. As an early leader in setting out an ambitious energy transition, France legislated a net zero emissions target for 2050 in its 2019 Energy and Climate Act and aims at reducing by 55% its greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. A national low-carbon strategy with 5-year carbon budgets and a multiannual plan for energy investments implement the long-term target.

Acknowledging the need to maintain electricity security in the longer term and a low-carbon footprint France invests in efficiency, six new nuclear power plants and renewable energy, notably offshore wind, while enhancing flexible power system operation.